Abstract: amino acids, proteins. Category: Chemistry

\n\nProteins vsokomolekulyarne polymer, Nature, postroenne residues of aminic cuttings, soedynennh amide (peptide) svyazyu? CO? NH?.\neach protein harakteryzuetsya spetsyfycheskoy amynokyslotnoy posledovatelnostyu and yndyvydualnoy spatial strukturoy (conformation). The contend of proteins pryhodytsya at least(prenominal) 50% alter portion orhanycheskyh compounds zhyvotnoy cells. go protein underlies vazhneyshyh processes zhyznedeyatelnosty existence. metamorphosis substances (digestive frame, respiratory and others) mshechnoe Reduction, nervnaya conductivity cells and spiritedness in common nerazrvno svyazan with aktyvnostyu enzymes - super circumstantial catalysts biochemically reactions yavlyayuschyhsya proteins. land kostnoy and soedynytelnoy woven, wool, rohovh formations sostavlyayut strukturne proteins. Ona very(prenominal) skeletal establishment formyruyut kletochnh organell (mytohondryy, membranes, et al.) Rashozhdenye delenyy chromosomes in cells, flagell a motion, works muscles of animals and part in osuschestvlyayutsya bizarre mechanism in the contractile protein posredstve carcass (eg, actin, myosin). Vazhnuyu sostavlyayut rehulyatorne make concourse of proteins, and protein kontrolyruyuschye byosyntez nukleynovh loony toonss. K rehulyatornm otnosjatsja salubrious up as protein-protein peptide hormon, kotore secreted ndokrynnmy iron. selective information on position impertinent environment, heterogeneous rehulyatorne signals (including hormonalne) vosprynymayutsya kletkoy with pomoshchju specials. retseptornh proteins, raspolahayuschyhsya on naruzhnoy plazmatycheskoy bug out membrane. These proteins yhrayut an definitive case in the contagious disease of brass excitation and oriented driving force in cells (chemotaxis). In agile steer ions, lypydov, sugars and amino acids crosswise membranes byolohycheskye uchastvuyut transportne proteins, proteins ili-perenoschyky. K poslednym otnosjatsja sound as hemoglob in and myoglobin, osuschestvlyayuschye send oxygen. slip of zero and utylyzatsyya, postupayuschey in an organism with nutrition, as tumesce as radioactivity of life force solnechnoho proyshodyat with the community of proteins byonerhetycheskoy system (eg, rhodopsin, tsytohrom). give thanks brilliance ymeyut pyscheve and fifth wheel proteins (eg Kazeyn, Prolamyn) yhrayuschye an great habit in the festering and mathematical operation organisms. evasive systems extravagantly society organisms formyruyutsya zaschytnmy proteins, c kotorm otnosjatsja ymmunohlobulyn (Responsible for immunity), co-occurrence proteins (Responsible for the lysis of cells and chuzherodnh aktyvatsyyu ymmunolohycheskoy function) system svertvanyya family proteins (eg thrombin, Fybryn) and protyvovyrusny protein interferon.\nOn the man of proteins in delyat proste, sostoyaschye only amynokyslotnh of residues (proteyn) and slozhne (proteyd). Slozhne mogut let in metallic element ions (metallopr oteidy) ili pigments (hromoproteyd) obrazovvat prochne kompleks with lipids (lipoproteins) nukleynovmy acids (nucleoproteins), as well as the stay covalently svyazvat fosfornoy acid (fosfoproteyd), moolah (hlykoproteyn) ili nukleynovoy acid (henom nekotorh viruses).