The Laws Of Technical Systems Evolution Information Technology Essay

The justice of natures Of adept governances Evolution Information Technology EssayAltshullers laws of establishment evolution identify n mavinworthy, predictable, and repeatable interactions betwixt ingredients of arrangings and between the trunks and their environment (Fey Rivin, 1999). The repeatable trends that gravel emerged done the reflection of out cast evolution enable problem solving ground on these patterns. TRIZ theory and its laws of scheme evolution argon predicated on the pattern that schemas thrust a predictable life cycle with identifiable stages. Systems gird from birth to growth and pass by maturity onto decline.As a case of extensive research into the patterns of skillful foul corpses evolution, Genrich Altshuller in the early mid-seventies subdivided all laws of technical musical arrangements evolution into three categories statics, kinematics and dynamics. Static laws describe the criteria of feasibility of unfermentedly created te chnical administrations during their inception. Static laws include the laws of completeness, the law of zero conductivity of the organisation and the law of harmonization of the unit of ammunition of the administrations get downs. Kinematic laws define how technical systems burgeon forth regardless of conditions during the systems growth phase. These laws include the law of increase perfectionity, the law of non-uniform cultivation of system components, the law of transition to high direct systems and the law of increase dynamism. Dynamic laws hope to define how technical systems create mentally under condition conditions near the conclusion of the systems development. Dynamics include the law of transition from big to micro take systems and the law of increase substance field interactions (Kraev, 2005).Law of change magnitude ground take of idealityThe law of increase degree of ideality holds that systems spring up toward an increasing state of benefit to bell r atio. The ideality of a system is a qualitative ratio expressed as the desirable divisionality of the system all over the correspond of the systems exists and problems. The capabilities of various products argon endlessly increasing while the prices of these products to consumers settle (Fey Rivin, 2005). Some common trends in product development in apprisal to increasing system ideality include the step-down in size, weight and cost while simultaneously adding functionality. For suit, adding a to a greater extent powerful camera to a cell phone.Law of increasing the degree of ideality of the system is a infixed progression in innovation of any design or invention. This is completed by increasing benefits and decreasing harmful effects, undesirable states and lessen costs. The ideal final result would be to have all the benefits of the system with a cost of zero. Whether this is attainable or not, it should be striven for in the process of innovation. This law is predica ted on the observation that successive versions of a technical design usually increase ideality over time.According to Ivanov (1994) the fundamental ways to boost the degree of ideality in systems ar expressed to increase the number of functions performed by a single element. This shift includes the functionment from bi to poly level systems and homogeneous to obscure elements. Ivanov goes on to suggest that ideality rotter be promoted by minimizing technical contradictions simultaneously in all split of the system. Other methods of loftyization include reducing few parts of a system or a process, increasing the number of delivered functions, using innovative equipment, materials, processes and by using disposable objects. To provided idealize a system and eliminate undesirable effects, managers and systems engineers rear engross block structured design, use expensive materials only where indispensable and number to different resources to improve the systems ideality (Petrov, 2001).By change the degree of ideality, the system give be starting time lead to the increase complexity of the system elements. adjoining the process will move to simplify the system, barely complicate the subsystems. Finally, improving the degree of ideality in the system will lead to substantial reduction of subsystem elements (Ivanov, 1994).In recent years, the Apple iPod has embodied the law of increasing ideality. When the iPod first hit the market, they were expensive and only functioned as a music acting device. After several iterations of the initial design, the system has yielded outcomes congruent with an improving cost to benefit ratio. The iPod is now relatively inexpensive (to the point where it is often a prize of gift) and it has increase functionality. The iPod Touch now plays movies, supports games and applications and has Wi-Fi and email capability.Law of non-uniform evolution of subsystemsThe law of Non-Uniform Evolution of Subsystems holds that v arious parts of a system rise at incompatible non-uniform rates. The uneven development of various parts of a technical system encompassing different parts will evolve differently, leading to system conflicts and consequently juvenile technical and visible contradictions in the system.According to Ivanov (1994) uniformity is mutually exclusive to systemic behaviour. Various system elements respond differently to external stimuli, this stimuli has the potential to disrupt previously static system element relationships (Ivanov, 1994).The law states that the improvement of one element of a system design is usually at the expense of another part of the system. These system conflicts be not ideal and usually result in a compromise. Improving the system often starts with a commission on improving a ad hoc subsystem. It is important to recognize that subsystems have different life cycle curves. Therefore when attempting to improve a system, it is essential to focus on the correct su b system (TRIZ Experts, 1996).Advancement in locomote farm technology in recent years provides an caseful of non-uniform subsystem evolution. The turbine systems have evolved to the point where they sack create surplus power on some grids. Transmission and storage capacity of some areas of the grid have not evolved at a rate sufficient to keep up with the increased capacity generated by sweetener to turbines.Law of transition to a higher level systemSystem genesis usually manifests in a mono system form designed to perform one limited task. Over the lifecycle of the system there is a trend to develop from a mono system to a bi or poly system to fulfil a wider scope of tasks. Eventually the poly system evolves into a new more complex but high-octane system. At this point in the system lifecycle, quadruple poly systems whitethorn merge to become a super system designed to perform a more complex task (Fey Rivin, 2005). as well as known as the law of transition to a super-syste m, the rule postulates that when a system attains a level where the likelihood of further substantial enhancement becomes nominal, the system has become an element of a super-system.Some bi and poly system are the result of duplicating the component of the mono system and using the extra to extrapolate the craved result. According to Fey Riven, by combining multiple mono systems into such a homogeneous bi or poly system can improve functionality of each sub system element such that the whole is greater than the summation of its components. Some more complex mingled bi and poly systems are the result of an addition of a new element such as a clock to a radio to have a clock radio. In addition to the emergence of heterogeneous and homogenous bi and poly systems, this law further helps to identify inverse bi and poly systems which mingle elements with contradictory or opposite functions i.e. a pencil and an eraser (Fey Rivin, 1999).One example cited by Ladewig (2003) of system ev olution progressing from a mono to a bi to a poly system is found in the disposable razors market. Razors initially had one blade and have advanced to two then three and shortly up to foursome blades. A further example is found in observing screw drivers, initially this tool had one head and had advanced to include Robertson, Phillips and flathead heads, this system has now advanced to contain fittings for dozens of heads and import styles all contained within the unit of measurement handle it self (Ladewig, 2003). Another example may be noted in the evolution of a bicycle to a bicycle with training wheels (4 wheels).Law of increasing dynamismSystems are authentic and tailored to specific operating tasks and environments, as those environments change, the system inevitably to be flexible to adapt. The pressure exerted on rigid structures is a constant military group external to the system. There is a hire on the system to evolve into more flexible and adaptive parameters that stems from end user demand. The evolving needs and demands of consumers and other users stimulate change in the system environment which translates to pressure on the system. It is important that the core competencies and values of the system entity are not devalued in this process.In the transition between a rigid system and a flexible system, a system passes through multiple stages. The line of increasing flexibility as outlined by Fey Rivin (1999) illustrates that system begin with one state, become a system with many clear-cut states and ultimately exist as a continuously variable system.An example of the law of flexibility being exerted on a system is through the emergence of e-books which evolved from traditional reputation books. The transcendence of hand held technology in recent years has changed the landscape of the book industry by creating new opportunities for consumers. The end user created demand for a system that would meet the needs of portability, increased ca pacity and decrease cost. This was a natural evolution for the paper book in terms of flexibility of use.Law of transition from large to micro level systemsThe law of transition from macro to micro level systems states that systems evolve as far as possible to an ever increasing fragmentation of their components. Altshuller moved that in the context of evolving systems, what is initially one unit eventually evolves into many separate components. Through a careful observation of the somatogenic effects of system evolution, it is evident that this law is especially express in modern technical systems. The transition from macro to micro level systems is a result of the need for increased condition, measurement and understanding of individualistic elements of a system. This narrowing of scope on system levels provides increased precision and a deeper understanding of the system as a whole.An instance of a transition from a macro to micro level system can be found in agriculture. T raditional fertilizing techniques observed that manure was estimable to the soil to increase the productiveness of the land. The organisation of the manure was not a concern as it was more beneficial than not having using it. The evolution of this system has yielded a focus on understanding the exact composition of the fertilizer down to its individual atoms. The correct mix or phosphates and nitrates are combined to provide a precise result for a specific product need. A different mix for grains than would be used for issue trees. This transition came about as a there was a demand for increased control and efficiency.Law of completenessThe law of the completeness of the parts of the system is an acknowledgement of the fact that any working(a) system must be comprised of four essential components. The required elements of a complete system are the engine, the transmission, the working means and the control component. The engine is the primary source of the systems required pus h button the transmission component is responsible for directing the required energy to the system organ. The control function of the system ensures that the functionality can be made variable and flexible for the user. According to Miller and Domb (2007), when viewed in terms of the functionality of the system, completion is specify by the following actions. The existence of a tool acting on an object, the energy used by the tool to affect the object, the transmission of that energy, and the control to guide functionality (Miller Domb, 2007).The law of completeness identifies the trend towards decreased human familiarity with the system. In the system lifecycle, early stage systems have more human involvement than late stage systems. The reduction of human involvement makes systems more efficient by mitigating the likelihood of operator error from human interaction with the system. The reduction of human involvement also increases system efficiency by eliminating the settlemen t of skilled or unskilled human enters into the system. This reduction of human causa makes systems more adaptable to varying uses and environments.One example of a system that once relied on human interaction was an rhytidectomy. Elevators used to have utilise operators to facilitate the opening and closing of the door and the vertical movement of the elevator car. This need for human involvement has been reduced to a simple input by the end user who merely selects a button with the desired corresponding floor.Law of bring down of energy way of life flowsThe law of trim back of energy path flows describes that systems evolve to a shortening of the outstrip between energy sources and their working means. The law of energy conductivity of the system is predicated on the understanding that all systems require the bump off of energy. Ideally, system energy should transfer freely and by the most direct and therefore efficient path through the components of the system. Energy ca nnot be created nor destroyed and systems are incessantly move towards increased efficiency. With these foundations, it can be postulated that more direct energy flows are more efficient. According to Ivanov (1994), the laws of conservation of matter and energy will always dictate to choose the path flow that leads to a decrease in energy expenditure rather than to its increase (Ivanov, 1994).One case of shortening of energy path flows can be observed in crapper windshield in automobiles. In environments that get cold in the wintertime, it is necessary to dissolve windshields on vehicles before they can be operated. A defrost system has been developed in automobiles to meet this need. Previously hot descent was directed and blown at the glass areas that needed defrosting first. This system is unable because much of the heat required to defrost the surface was lost as the hot air dissipated and cooled over the relatively large distance before it accomplished its task. The them e to this was to embed the rear glass with heating system coils so that the rear windshield could defrost through conduction. This shortened energy path flow increased the efficiency of the system. Due to the issues that would arise from visibility, this solution cannot be applied to front windshields. In the context of the front windshield, this could be considered a system conflict. It is also interesting to note that a homogeneous principle has been applied to heated seats.Law of increasing subfield interactionsThe law of increasing subfield interaction is also known as the law of increasing controllability. As systems evolve, the level of control interactions improves among each of the system elements. The dispersion of substances in the S-Fields increases as the connection among fields increases which results in the responsiveness of the whole system caution to increase. According to Vladimir Petrov, veteran TRIZ practioner and educator, the increase in the degree of control over a system is the direct result from transition from a noncontrollable system to the control over deviances and variables. This progression to a controllable system, also involves underdeveloped the system to have a feedback mechanism and to be adaptive and self reproducing. The increasing degree of control over the system variables coincides with the process of mechanisation (Petrov, 2001).A non technical example of this law in action can be found in airport security measures. There are several different stages and processes of airport security. This system has evolved from having no security at all to having customs, passport checks at check in, security, customs and before boarding. This level at control throughout all levels and elements of the system is an example of increased interaction and control.Law of harmonization of rhythmThe law of harmonization of rhythm expresses that the necessary coordination for the existence of an effective system is the coordination of the periodicity of actions and its components. The law of harmonizing the rhythms of parts of the system refers to the frequency of vibrations of parts and movements of the system. These movements should ideally be in near synchronization other parts of the system. Chaos and high harmony are the two opposite ends of this spectrum. System evolution should move from chaos towards harmony.System harmonization occurs when contradictions are minimized by allowing components to be reorganized. Regrouping system elements into new configurations begets new qualities, and therefore develops new relationships among elements (Ivanov, 1994). Through reorganization, Petrov (2001) maintains that system harmonization can come in the form of functional, structural and function-structural coordination. Minor levels of coordination can be achieved at the structural and functional planes of the system which translate to increased harmonization.An frank instance of necessary harmonization of rhythm and c oordination of system elements is observed in an orchestra. An orchestra can be viewed as a system designed to fire beautiful music with all the various instruments as individual system components. When all the components are assembled for the first time the result is likely pell-mell but as the symphony rehearses together over time the move toward high harmony. To improve functional coordination the conductor would insist that the individual members approach pattern their instruments to improve on them in skill. To further the structural harmony of the orchestra as a whole, the conductor may instruct the symphony to practice together.Ideal final resultAccording to Fey Rivin, the ideal final result is a concept based on the notion of an ideal technical system. The ideal technical system would be one that achieves the required function for which it is designed and required while producing no adverse effects. The ideal technical system would be absent of any physical entity. The l ack of physical entity would be advantageous in mitigating physical system malfunctions and the cost of physical system components.The concept of ideal final result should be the intent of every system and the destination for all systems as they follow the laws of technical system evolution. The physical manifestation of the IFR may be inhibited collect to physical restrictions. However, the notion of the IFR is not intended to necessarily be achievable, but nonetheless should be actively pursued in the interest of make the system better.